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-
-
- INTERNET-DRAFT
- Network Working Group H. Nussbacher
- Request for Comments: nnnn Israeli Inter-University
- Computer Center
- August 1993
-
-
- Handling of Bi-directional Texts in MIME
-
-
- This document is an Internet-Draft. Internet-Drafts are
- working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force
- (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other
- groups may also distribute working documents as
- Internet-Drafts.
-
- Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. Internet-Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted
- by other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use
- Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other
- than as a ``working draft'' or ``work in progress.''
-
- To learn the current status of any Internet-Draft, please check
- the 1id-abstracts.txt listing contained in the Internet-Drafts
- Shadow Directories on ds.internic.net, nic.nordu.net,
- ftp.nisc.sri.com, or munnari.oz.au.
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does
- not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is
- unlimited.
-
- Abstract
-
- This document describes the format and syntax of the "direction"
- keyword to be used with bi-directional texts in MIME.
-
- Description
-
- The MIME standards (RFC 1341 and 1342) defined methods for
- transporting non-ASCII data via a standard RFC822 e-mail
- system. Specifically, the Content-type field allows for
- the inclusion of any ISO language such as Arabic (ISO-8859-6)
- or Hebrew (ISO-8859-8). The problem is that the these two
- languages are read from right to left and can have bi-directional
- data such as mixed Hebrew and English on the same line.
-
- Nussbacher Expires January 15, 1994 [Page 1]
-
- RFC nnnn Hebrew email encodings June 1993
-
- Fortunately, ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association)
- has tackled this problem previously and has issued a technical
- report called "Handling of Bi-Directional Texts". ECMA TR/53,
- as it is called, was used to update the Standard ECMA-48 as well
- as ISO/IEC 6429 (1992). It is based on this information that
- a new parameter is being defined for MIME Content-type. This new
- field is called "direction=":
-
- Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-6; direction=drct
- or
- Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-8; direction=drct
-
- The value of drct can be either implicit, explicit or visual.
-
- Implicit
-
- Implicit directionality is a presentation method in which the
- direction is determined by an algorithm according to the type
- of characters and their position relative to the adjacent
- characters and according to their primary direction. The
- complete algorithm is quite complex and sites wishing to
- implement it should refer to the ECMA Technical Report for
- further details.
-
- Explicit
-
- Explicit directionality is a presentation method in which the
- direction is explicitly defined by using control sequences which
- are interleaved within the text and are used for direction
- determination. This presentation method is also defined in
- ECMA TR/53, which defines three new control functions and
- updates 22 existing control functions in the ECMA-48 standard.
-
- Visual
-
- Visual directionality is a presentation method that displays
- text according to the primary direction only. This is the
- simplest of all methods and the default method for use with
- MIME encoded texts.
-
- Nussbacher Expires January 15, 1994 [Page 2]
-
- RFC nnnn Hebrew email encodings June 1993
-
- References
-
- [ECMA TR/53] Handling of Bi-Directional Texts, European Computer
- Manufacturers Association, 114 Rue du Rhone, CH-1204, Geneva,
- Switzerland, June 1992
-
- [ISO-6429]
-
- [ISO-8859] Information Processing -- 8-bit Single-Byte Coded
- Graphic Character Sets, Part 6: Arabic alphabet, ISO 8859-8,
- 1988.
-
- [ISO-8859] Information Processing -- 8-bit Single-Byte Coded
- Graphic Character Sets, Part 8: Latin/Hebrew alphabet, ISO 8859-8,
- 1988.
-
- [RFC822] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet
- Text Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982.
-
- [RFC1341] Borenstein N., and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose
- Internet Mail Extensions): Mechanisms for Specifying and
- Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies", Bellcore,
- Innosoft, June 1992.
-
- [RFC1342] Moore K., "Representation of Non-ASCII Text in Internet
- Message Headers", University of Tennessee, June 1992.
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security issues are not discussed in this memo.
-
- Authors' Addresses
-
- Hank Nussbacher
- Computer Center
- Tel Aviv University
- Ramat Aviv
- Israel
-
- Fax: +972 3 6409118
- Phone: +972 3 6408309
- EMail: hank@vm.tau.ac.il
-
-
-
- Nussbacher Expires January 15, 1994 [Page 3]
-